INTRODUCTION TO EXCESS/ OVER PRONATION
One of the most common causes of foot and leg discomfort is a condition known as excessive/ over pronation. Normal pronation, or "turning inward" of the foot is necessary as the foot adapts to the ground. With excessive pronation/ over pronation, the arch flattens, collapses, and soft tissues stretch. This causes the joint surfaces to function at unnatural angles to each other. When this happens, joints that should be stable now become very loose and flexible.
At first, excess pronation may cause fatigue. As the problem gets worse, strain on the muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the foot and lower leg can cause permanent problems and deformities.

APPEARANCE OF EXCESS/ OVER PRONATION

1. When standing, your heels lean inward.
2. When standing, one or both of your knee caps turn inward.
3. Conditions such as a flat feet or bunions may occur.
4. You develop knee pain when you are active or involved in athletics. The knee pain slowly goes away when you rest.
5. You abnormally wear out the soles and heels of your shoes very quickly.

SYMPTOMS OF EXCESS PRONATION
Symptoms can manifest in many different ways. The associated conditions depend on the individual lifestyle of each patient. Here is a list of some of the conditions associated with Excess Pronation:
1. Hallux Abducto Valgus (bunions)
2. Hallux Rigidus (stiff 1st toe)
3. Arch Pain
4. Heel Pain (plantar Facsitus)
5. Metatarsalgia (ball of the foot pain)
6. Ankle Sprains
7. Shin Splints
8. Achilles Tendonitis
9. Osteochondrosis
10. Knee Pain
11. Corns & Calluses
12. Flat Feet
13. Hammer Toes

CAUSES OF EXCESS/ OVER PRONATION
Over pronation occurs due to a biomechanical dysfunction (walking abnormality). This can be controlled via Insoles and Orthotics.